help.start() ?plot help.search("plot") a <- 0 (1 + 2)^4 -> b a b 3+4 A .Last.value 3^2 + 4 .Last.value (1 + 2)^2 -> c 3/4 Inf NaN 4/0 Inf-Inf NA mode(NA) mode(a) mode(NaN) mode("abc") class(a) TRUE FALSE T F a <- "abc" a as.character(b) b s <- "3.14" s as.numeric(s) mode(a) is.character(a) b c b+c b-c b*c b/c b^c b %% c b %/% c 2 == 3 b > 2 b >= 3 b %% 2 == 0 b (b > 2) | (b < -2) (b > 2) & (b < -2) v <- c(1,4,-2.5,"abc") v w <- c(3,-2,4.23) d <- 3+i d <- 3+1i d mode(d) w x <- c(2,0) c(w,x) 2:4 2:6 2:5.5 6:2 y <- 2:7 y ?seq seq() seq(2.7) seq(2,7) seq(2,7,2) seq(from=2,to=7,by=2) seq(from=2,to=7,length=3) seq(7,2,length=3) seq(2,by=5,length=10) rnorm(10) v w x y z <- y/2 z y 2+y 2^y y^2 sin(y) abs(w) w z w y y + z z / y length(y) length(x) x y x + y rep(x,3) w x x + w w y y[1] y[0] y[8] y[-4] y[-8] y[c(1,3)] y[c(1,3,1,3)] y[c(1,3,1,3,1,3,1,3,1,3)] z y x z[y] z[x] x y[2:4] y y[y>5] y[y %% 2 == 0] y %% 2 == 0 y L <- c(T, F, T, T, T, F) y y[L] L2 <- c(T,F) L2 y[L2] y[c(F,T)] y[seq(2,6,by=2)] seq(2,6,by=2) y[-4] y[-2:4] y[-(2:4)] f <- 1:10 f f[f %% 3 == 0] f[f %% 3 == 0] # f 2-nél nagyobb, de 8-nál kisebb elemei: f[(f>2)&(f<8)] 0:4 3^(0:4) 4*3^(0:4) ls() save.image("C:\\Users\\aa002221\\Documents\\R\\9het\\.RData")